Passive Voice
The passive voice
is a grammatical constrution in which the subject of a sentence or clause
denotes the recipient of the action rather than the perfomer. Active voice is a
more regular used in life everyday rather than passive voice. Passive voice is
used because the object of active voice is more important rather than the
subject. Many language critics and language-usage manual discourage use of the
passive voice. In english this active is not usually found in older guides,
emerging only in first half of the twentieth century.
Subject
+ be + Verb3 + by + Object + Modifier
Example :
1. Active : I called Jimmy last night.
Passive : Jimmy
was called by me last night.
2.
Active :
He meets them everyday.
Passive : They
are met by him everyday
.
3.
Active :
She watered this plant this morning
Passive : This
plant was watered by her this morning
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive
Voice
|
|
|
Affirmative (+)
|
S+V+O
Students write a letter |
S+TOBE+V3+BY+O
A letter is written by students |
|
Negative (-)
|
S+AUXILIARY+NOT+V+O
Students do not write a letter |
S+TOBE+NOT+V3+BY+O
A letter is not written by students |
|
Interrogative (?)
|
AUXILIARY+S+V+O
Do students write a letter? |
TOBE+S+V3+BY+O
Is a letter written by students? |
|
Question (w & h ?)
|
QW+AUXILIARY+S+V+O Why do students write a letter? |
QW+TOBE+S+V3+BY+O
Why is a letter written by students? |
Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's
languages. It is the unmarked voice for clauses featuring a transitive verb in nominative–accusative languages, including English and most other Indo-European languages.
Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the agent of the main verb. That is, the subject does the action
designated by the verb. A
sentence whose agent is marked as grammatical subject is called an active
sentence. In contrast, a sentence in which the subject has the role of patient or theme is named a passive sentence,
and its verb is expressed in passive voice.
Many languages have both an active and a passive voice; this allows for greater
flexibility in sentence construction, as either the semantic agent or patient
may take the syntactic role of subject.
Ø Active – Passive
1. Passive Voice [Simple
Present Tense]
Subject + to be + Verb3
Example :
They buy a book everyday [active]
A book is bought buy them [passive]
2. Passive Voice [Present Continous Tense]
Subject + to be + being + Verb3
Example :
She is drinking a glass of milk [active]
A glass of milk is being drunk by her [passive]
3. Passive Voice [Present Perfect Tense]
Subject + have/has + been + Verb3
Example :
We have done our homework [active]
Our homework have been done by us [passive]
4. Passive Voice [Simple Past Tense]
Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb 2
Example :
I swept the floor yesterday [active]
The florr was swept by me [passive]
5. Passive Voice [Past Continous Tense]
Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb3
Example :
We were typing a
letter [active]
A letter was been typed by us [passive]
6. Passie Voice [Past Perfect Tense]
Subject + had + been + Verb3
Example :
He had done his homework [active]
His homework had been done by him [passive]
7. Passie Voice [Simple Future Tense]
Subject + will + be + Verb3
Example :
They will buy a book tomorrow [active]
A book will be bought by them [passive]
8. Passive Voice [Future Continous Tense]
Subject + will be
+ being + Verb3
Example :
We will be typing a letter [active]
A letter will be being typed by us [passive]
9. Passive Voice [Future Perfect Tense]
Subject + will have + been + Verb3
Example :
He will have done his homework [active]
His homework will have been done by him [passive]
10.
Passive Voice [Future Past Perfect Tense]Future Past Perfect Tense
S + would + have + V3 + O
S + would + have + V3 + O
Example :
Students would have spoken English [active]
English would have been spoken by
students [passive]
Passive –
Active
1.
At
dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive)
Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. (active)
2.
The
application for a new job was faxed by her. (passive)
She faxed her application for a new job.
(active)
3.
That
piece is really enjoyed by the choir. (passive)
The choir really enjoys that piece.
(active)
4.
The
students’ questions are always answered by the teacher. (passive)
The teacher always answers the students’
questions. (active)
5.
All
the reservations will be made by the wedding planner. (passive)
The wedding planner is making all the
reservations. (active)
6.
Instructions
will be given to you by the director. (passive)
The director will give you instructions.
(active)
7.
A
movie is going to be watched by us tonight. (passive)
We are going to watch a movie tonight.
(active)
8.
The
victory will be celebrated by the team tomorrow. (passive)
The team will celebrate their victory
tomorrow. (active)
9.
The
last cookie was eaten by whom? (passive)
Who ate the last cookie? (active)
10. Every
night the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew. (passive)
The cleaning crew vacuums and dusts the
office every night. (active)
Sumber :
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